\paperw3360 \margr0\margl0\ATXph16380 \plain \fs20 \pard\tx3255\tx6525\tx9780\ATXts240\ATXbrdr0 \f1 \fs22 James II (1633-1701), the second son of \b \cf4 \ATXht13141000 Charles I
\b0 \cf0 \ATXht0 , became King of England and Scotland from 1685. He became a Catholic in 1671, which led to attempts to exclude him from the succession. These culminated in the invitation made to the Protestant William of Orange to take the throne in
1688. James fled to France, led an unsuccessful rising in Ireland in 1690 and thereafter returned to exile in France.
